Use of frozen blood.
نویسنده
چکیده
Frozen blood is most easily and economically prepared using high glycerol (40 percent). Storage is at —80° in a mechanical freezer. Thawing must be rapid and washing can be carried out with low electrolyte sugar solutions and agglomeration or with high electrolyte solutions and continuous flow centrif ugation. These processed cells have many advantages not found in raw routinely stored blood. When transfused a few hours after washing, the red cells are as good as fresh red cells. The undesirable elements including hepatitis virus, leukocyte and tissue antigens, low pH citrate and plasma antibodies are effectively removed. Frozen blood is increasing in use and the variety of clinical use is broadening to include renal dialysis, transplantation, transfusion reactions and even open heart surgery. In our experience, the use of freezing for rare blood is infre quent. Liquid storage of blood in ACD or CPD anticoagulant has been limited to 21 days with a recognized loss of 20 to 30 percent of viable cells in that interval. Freezing red cells for clinical use was introduced in the late 1950’s to provide prolonged storage of rare blood cells. In recent years, detailed studies on frozen red cells have demonstrated numerous advan tages that suggest frozen red cells are preferable to raw blood in other clinical situations as well as when rare blood is needed. This paper will review recent observa tions on the methods of freezing and the effects of washing on removing undesirable elements and reducing some of the risks associated with ordinary blood transfusion. Glycerol was chosen as the solution in which to freeze blood because it is a nor mal physiologic compound of human me tabolism. It seems to act to maintain water and electrolyte relationships inside and outside the cell thus preventing dehydra tion and increased salt concentration. These properties make it an ideal molecule for preventing cell damage during freezing.6 Under circumstances of physiologic salt concentration, lowering the temperature of blood results in ice crystal formation which excludes ions. The ion buildup in the re gion of the cell produces, in effect, a rela tive dehydration. Water leaks preferentially from the cell resulting in cell shrinkage. At temperatures approximating —10° or salt concentrations about 2.8 M, dehydration is
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Annals of clinical and laboratory science
دوره 4 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1974